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Why need development if system?
Development of system is to compile a new system and to replacing the old system or repair the old system. Development of system causing of several things that is :
1. Problem
a. The problem in old system causing the system do not function in an optimal fashion
b. Growth of organization causing development a new system is requirement of organization to information, data processing progressively mount while system old do not support the mentioned.
2. To reach for opportunity
With existence of system capable to handle requirement of information, data processing, hence availability of information providing various opportunity will progressively mount. Opportunity here for examples : opportunity of market, service to costumer.
3. Existence of instruction
Compilation a system will very affect by instruction factor from is external of organization, the example regulation of government
Things above also represent the intention of development a system. A system will be developed to overcome all problem of arising out, to get every existing opportunity, as well as fulfilling given instruction.
Development of new system which we can be measured from make up some factor, that are :
a. Performance
From system which we develop can be seen from moment performance efficiency before existence of new system, and which after new system there. Improvement of example, before there is new system, record keeping of sale conducted manually, binding report heaped in one rack. But report moment required, hence seeking will need the long time, here new system provide efficiency work earned handle some work at the same time (throughput). And with existing system assist organization give comments by request of customer (time response).
b. Information
Organization get all information accurately and quickly so that organization can use it as well as possible.
c. Economic
With existence of new system, company can economize expenditure. The example reduction of worker of manual in a few area capable to handle by system.
d. Control
From new system we earn to do operation to everything from within organization. The example in a supermarket, record keeping of goods can be controlled so that lessen opportunity the happening of which can insincerity harm our supermarket.
e. Efficient
New system is later expected can make company activity more efficiency not need the long time in doing a work
Service
With existence of new system, company can improve service to costumer.
PRINCIPLE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Some principle which must be paid attention by developer of system is :
a. System for management
System developed pursuant to requirement of management, because later management which using many information of system.
b. System is big investment
Investigation of all alternative (minimization of opportunity missing cost) and Investment is the best.
c. System need one who is educated
Here not people have to with formal education, but earn is also conducted with grounding. Analyst of system have to understand system like what will be developed.
d. Job Step
Moment will conduct development of system, have to be made first a planning, what in it there are steps work development of system.
e. Development of system not have to be massaged
It’s intention here, moment conduct by job step, we don’t have to await one step finish, but also can be conduct concurrently.
f. Don’t fear to cancel project
If feeling system have improper again, we have to be coherent to cancel the project. So that later the expense of and drawn up by energy is cast way is not useless. This conducted with careful decision.
g. Documentation
Record keeping of moment making of system of vital importance because we earn to see growth of system which we make.
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
model waterfall
In development of system there are model showing steps of system the developed. First model is model of waterfall, where here development of system started from planning of development of system, where this is step early from system, after planned later, then system in design, like designing of database, after designed by us step into implementation step of system to program and afterwards we will conduct verification. The last we have to conducted conservancy to developed system.
model iteratif
Model here much the same to with model of waterfall, only after system marketed, will be performed a test drive of system. Evaluation of test drive conducted to know weakness of system, if there are mistake, hence system will in requirements and analysis repeat
model spiral
a. Determine Objectives, in this process we must determine what will we do for the system.
b. Identity and Resolve Risk, we have identification process here, planning and analyze the risk that maybe happen on the system. We must define resource, time precision, and other related information project to the system that we want to create.
c. Development and Test, we do engineering process here, construction, and testing the system. We create the code to build the application.
d. Plan the Next Iteration, we do iteration process here for next plan and evaluate each request from customer in order to change the system or application.
APPROACH OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
1. Classical approach vs structured approach (seen from used methodologies)
a. Classic approach
Steps in SDLC
Do not involve consumer, more is emphasizing of system analyst
Problems : difficult development, expense of costly treatment, possibility of big mistake, efficacy less well guarantied, applying internal issue
b. Approach structure
Customer involve from early to determine requirement of system
Using tools like data of flow diagram
2. Approach piecemeal vs system approach (seen from target to reach)
a. piecemeal Approach
Emphasizing at an activity or application
Heedless of entirety target
b. system Approach
See system as one intact unity
Emphasizing at goal achievement as a whole
3. bottom-up Approach vs top-down Approach (seen from determination of requirement of system)
a. bottom-up Approach
Started from bottom level that is operational
Representing classis approach marking
Recognized with term of data analysis
b. top-down Approach
Started from top level that is planning of strategy
Representing marking approach of structure
Recognized also with decision analysis
4. totally Approach vs moduler approach (seen from way developing it
a. totally system approach
Developing system at a time and totally
representing classic approach marking
b. moduler Approach
Breaking complicated system become the parts of simple
Developed system become timely, easy to be comprehended and looked after
representing marking approach of structure
5. Great Lop Approach vs evolutionary approach
a. Great Lop Approach
Developing system at a time use sophisticated technology
High risk and finish many expanse
b. evolutionary Approach
Applying sophisticated technology for certain application
Developed to follow requirement
Cost effective and can keep abreast of technology
METHODELOGIES SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
a. What is methodologies?
Methods and procedures which is used in science
b. What is method?
A way of systematic to do something
c. What is algorithm?
Medley of procedure to solve a problem
CLASSIFICATION METHODOLOGIES DEVELOPMENT
a. Functional decomposition
Emphasizing resolving of system become subsystem
b. Jackson’s diagram and others
c. Appliance using schema:
Charting activity : depicting activity, example : chart grant, flowchart, etc.
Charting layout : depicting arrange situation
Relationship charting personal: depicting personnel relation, example: chart organization, chart distribution working
TECHNIQUE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
a. Technique management of project for schedule of project example: CPM and PERT
b. Technique find fact to collect and determine data/ fact
Interview
Observation
c. Technique analysis expanse / benefit of cost-benefit and of cost-effectiveness analysis
d. Technique to run meeting
ANALYST AND PROGRAMMER
a. Analysis system : studying problems and determine requirement of user of system to identify resolving
b. Programmer : writing program code pursuant to designing to wake up made by analyst
c. Analyst system undertake to link difference of knowledge that happened between user and system of programmer
Programmer
1. Responsibility limited to making of program.
2. Knowledge enough limited to computer technology, computer system, needed programming languages and utilities.
3. Works of programmer is technical and have to precisely in making instructions of program.
4. Works of programmer of its relation only limited to humanity of programmer and system analyst
System Analyst
1. Responsibility not only at making of program, but at system as a whole.
2. broader knowledge, not only at computer technology but also at application area handled it
3. Work limited to trouble-shooting marginally.
4. Work of system analyst entangle with relation
Reff : HM, Jogiyanto. Analisis & Desain Sistem Informasi. Yogyakarta: ANDI,2007.
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